Virtual PPAs explained
The financial contract that lets corporations go renewable without physical delivery — how VPPAs work and where they fall short.
Renewable energy certificate (REC)
A tradable certificate representing one megawatt-hour of electricity generated from a qualifying renewable source. RECs are used by corporations to substan...
Battery storage 101
How grid-scale batteries make money — energy arbitrage, frequency regulation, capacity markets, and the economics of duration.
LCOE
Levelized cost of energy — the average cost per unit of electricity generated over a project's lifetime, accounting for capital costs, operating costs, fue...
Distributed energy resource (DER)
Small-scale power generation or storage resources located close to the point of consumption — including rooftop solar, battery storage, EV chargers, and sm...
Power purchase agreements
Long-term contracts that make clean energy projects financeable — structure, risk allocation, and what buyers need to know.
The duck curve
Why high solar penetration creates a new peak problem — the belly, the neck, and what storage and demand response are doing to solve it.
How solar + storage works
From photons to dollars — generation, dispatch logic, revenue stacking across arbitrage, capacity, and ancillary services.
Green hydrogen
How green hydrogen is made, what it costs today, the 45V tax credit, and where it fits in the energy transition.
Renewable energy certificates
What RECs are, what they prove, why bundled RECs beat unbundled, and how they fit into corporate Scope 2 reporting.
Offshore wind
The economics, supply chain bottlenecks, why US costs spiked in 2022-24, and what the long-term trajectory looks like.
Capacity factor
The ratio of actual output over a period to the maximum possible output if the asset ran continuously at full capacity. A wind farm with a 35% capacity fac...
Wind energy economics
Capacity factors, curtailment risk, production tax credits, and why location determines everything in wind project economics.