The energy desk reference

Energy markets,
finally clear.

Visual reference for the wholesale electricity markets, policies, and procurement structures that determine commercial power costs. LMPs, capacity auctions, PPAs, the IRA-OBBBA reshuffle, FERC Order 2222 — built for buyers and developers.

$/MWh — Real-time LMP 200 150 100 50 Peak: $192/MWh 00:00 12:00 24:00 Off-peak DR event 16:00–19:00

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Peak $142/MWh 00:00 24:00
Markets

How electricity prices are set

What every wholesale settlement actually pays out. Energy + congestion + losses, why basis risk is the real procurement exposure, and how FTRs hedge it.

⏱ 6 min read LMP · Basis · FTRs
Generator Capacity Auction $/MW-day
Markets

Capacity markets

Annual auctions paying generators to stay available. PJM cleared $333/MW-day in the 2027/28 BRA — the first time the entire RTO hit the FERC price cap.

⏱ 5 min read PJM · NYISO · ISO-NE
Curtailment event Baseline load Reduced + paid
Markets

Demand response

Paying loads to curtail when the grid is short. Program structures across CAISO, PJM, and ERCOT — and where performance penalties bite.

⏱ 4 min read C&I · CAISO · PJM
Developer wind/solar PPA contract Offtaker corp/utility $/MWh fixed — 10 to 20 years
Procurement

Power purchase agreements

Long-term offtake contracts for renewable generation. How they're priced post-OBBBA, what credit support gets negotiated, and where shape and basis risk live.

⏱ 6 min read PPA · VPPA · Offtake
Inflation Reduction Act — $369B ITC / PTC tax credits Mfg credits 45X / 48C Transferability sell credits Solar · Wind · Storage · EVs · Green H₂
Policy

The Inflation Reduction Act + OBBBA

The 2022 IRA reshaped federal clean energy credits; the 2025 OBBBA reshaped the IRA. What survived, what terminated, what got extended — in one place.

⏱ 7 min read ITC · PTC · 45V · OBBBA
VPP aggregator Rooftop solar Home batteries EVs / V2G C&I DR load Grid market
Grid Ops

Virtual power plants

Aggregating distributed solar, storage, and EVs into a dispatchable resource selling into wholesale markets. 37.5 GW deployed in 2025; DOE target 80–160 GW by 2030.

⏱ 5 min read VPP · DER · FERC 2222

Energy markets are complex.
Understanding them
shouldn't be.

The Outlet is a visual reference for commercial energy decisions — the wholesale structures, federal and state policies, and procurement mechanics that determine what shows up on a commercial bill, what a renewable PPA costs, and what changes when the rules shift.

Every page combines a single visual with structured prose and FAQs — built to be read in under ten minutes and used as reference.

Built and maintained by Pilot Energy, an energy procurement advisory active across PJM, ERCOT, CAISO, NYISO, ISO-NE, MISO, and regulated utilities since 2001. About this resource →

51
Topic explainers across six categories
34
Glossary terms defined plainly
6
Categories from markets to efficiency
<10
Minutes to read any topic